Gun Control Of The United States - 985 Words

Casey Clearie English 090 Dr. Smith December 9 2015 Gun Control Did know that there are approximately 4.5 million firearms sold in the United States each year, and and estimated 2 million second hand firearms are sold each year? According to the IANSA (International Action Network on Small Arms of the United Nations), in the United States there are more than ten thousand gun homicides annually (IANSA). These statistics should shock every American. Gun control is the reason for these gross statistics. The strict laws on guns cases a lot of violent crimes, therefore the laws should be changed so that they are easier to buy, own, and protect oneself. To start it off, the strict laws on gun control leads to violence. According to Flamehorse, the rate of intentional homicide in the UK was 1.12 percent per 100,000 people. In 1997, the second Firearms Act banned high calibre handguns greater than .22 calibre. When the Firearms Act Amendment (No.2) went into effect, the homicide rate had gone up to 1.24 percent in 1997. Then, in 1998 it had risen again to 1.43 percent, and hit a peak in 2002 at 2.1 percent. These homicide rates clearly have gone up since the Firearms Act was instituted, and were much lower when these laws were not around. In the United States, the number of intentional homicides in 2004 was much higher than in the UK, with a quantity of 20,654. Some would argue that stopping people from buying guns would help with the homicide, and crime rates involving guns.Show MoreRelatedGun Control Of The United States1698 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened throughout the Unites States has created a great divide among Americans on what should our nation do to prevent further shootings from happening. Many people believe that forcing new laws on how people purchase weapons should require background checks. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by many citizens. The critical people of this topic believe that the guns do not kill people, it is the people that kill peopleRead MoreGun Control And The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States gun control is a big controversy that has been blown out of proportion the last few years. Anything that has to do with guns in the news, reporters say it is the guns fault. Gun control laws are being changed and morphed for the new society that we live in today. What gun control really means is a group of laws to control the selling and use of guns.(1). Statistics have proven that most people want more control on guns. Many surveys have shown that the benefits of gun controlRead MoreGun Control Of The United States Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control Proposal Gun control is a highly controversial topic in the United States. There are many people who are for gun control - people who want to have stricter laws to make it so criminals and other dangerous people can’t obtain a firearm. But, there are also the people who disagree with gun control laws and believe there should be a more lenient gun control to help people defend themselves during risky situations. Many gun control laws have been passed for many years. While many have beenRead MoreGun Control And The United States929 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a debated, revisited and revised issue for more than a century in the United States. Recently, after several mass shootings in the United States, gun violence issues are; yet again, renewed and in the forefront for the United States. This paper will consist of insight on gun violence in the United States and the newly imposed gun control policies by President Obama; along with, the arguments for and against the new policies and what roles both the formal and informal actorsRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreGun Control And The United States988 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Reassessment in the United States Imagine this: you are in World History class at your high school almost falling asleep learning about Ancient China. It is a normal day for you and your classmates, until you hear an announcement from the principal. You expect the typical lockdown drill, but this situation is far from typical. A man with a gun breaks into your school. BANG! Several of your classmates are killed before this man can be controlled. You survive, but live the rest of yourRead MoreGun Control And The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control For gun control, there should be some requirements for the people to take in order to own a gun for themselves. Throughout the United States, gun control should allow people to still have guns; however, the citizens should go through some changes to ensure safety throughout the nation. Gun control has given some helpful ideals before that would help the people understand the responsibilities of their guns. They want to make sure that these laws maintain to progress as a better solutionRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1704 Words   |  7 Pagesshootings that has happened all through the Unites States has made an great divide among Americans on what ought our country do to keep further shootings from happening. Numerous individuals trust that forcing new laws on how people buy weapons should require background verifications. Gun Control in the United States of America is a topic that has had lots of criticism and support by numerous citizens. The critical people of this topic trust that the guns don t murder people, is that people kill peopleRead MoreGun Control in the United States1306 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control in the United States has gone out of control. The United States should enforce laws to not allow any guns in a house hold in order to reduce violence and crime in the country. Reducing the rate of crime in the United States, controlling big weapons, taxing ammunition, and gun collection can help make this happen. Gun Control can make this country a safer environment to live in. Gun Control has obviously gone out of control in the recent years. Look around, they are everywhere. ReducingRead MoreGun Control Of The United States853 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also criminal sphere. Crime in the United States remains one of the main problems of the country. Every year, 6 million Americans become a victims of crime, murders occur every 24 minutes, rape occur every 5 minutes, robbery occur every 54 seconds. Life becomes dangerous and we need to be able to protect your family by yourself, your business, your property. Therefore so many people thinking about to buys guns and to have guns at home. In addition, the gun is freedom. We live in a free country

Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense Free Essays

Oral â€Å"From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. † There is no greater economic system that can rival the Utopian nature of Communism, yet this statement sent shivers down the spine of the Capitalist World. The concept was flawless however the implementation resulted in one of one of the most infamous Political systems in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communism, in layman’s terms, is a revolutionary political system , aiming to create a classless, moneyless and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production. It also aimed to change the social and economic ideology of capitalism , which was thrived on the principle of the rich getting richer, the poor , poorer. To understand why Communism spread so rapidly we must learn about the origins of communism. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were the founding fathers of communism in 1848. Marx wrote a document called the Communist manifesto. In this document he outlined which areas would need to change. There were 3 main changes: political change, a economic change and social change. Unfortunately these are very difficult to change. Marx, however, found a way to accomplish this. A revolution. The Red Revolution!!! These were usually very bloody, as people would not easily part with their material wealth. Communism had to be implemented fully,people could not choose only one part of it. You are either in or killed. In the Russian Revolution alone 9 million people were killed. However, this must take place in order to overthrow the existing government. Marx emphasized the need for total destruction of the existing system in order for change to take place. The next part of their plan stated that a dictator must gain absolute control over the working class. During this phase, the new government has absolute control over the common citizen’s personal choices for example education, religion, employment and even marriage. Redistribution of wealth would take place in this period. The final phase has never been attained because it requires that all non-communists be eliminated in order for the Communist Party to achieve supreme equality. In a communist utopia, everyone would happily share wealth. The government would control all means of production so that the one-class system would remain constant, with no possibility of any citizens rising to the top. Marx also detailed the 10 essential principles of communism, namely: †¢Central banking system †¢Government controlled education †¢Government controlled labor †¢Government ownership of transportation and communication vehicles †¢Government ownership of agricultural means and factories †¢Total destruction of private property †¢Property rights confiscation †¢Heavy income tax on everyone †¢Destruction of rights of inheritance Regional Planning In the communist society that the manifesto described, the government has supreme authority as it controls all land and means of production. Because the government distributes land and property among the people, communism sets a standard of equality – both economically and socially — among its followers.  ­The system seems to work in theory, but Marx and Engels died before it was put into practice and did not see the fruit of their labour. Economy Capitalism, the current economic system in South Africa, is, according to communism, tremendously wasteful and destructive of men, goods, power, land. All useful goods are used until there is none left. But goods aren’t made for consumption, but for profit, and if a greater profit can be made, the destruction takes place. As capitalism developed, larger factories are built, thousands of laborers are used to make 1 product, yet it does not belong to them but to the owner of the Factory. The laborers are merely paid wages, which constantly grow less and less, as the price of the total product increases. So the gap between the worker and the owner increases and creates classes in which some can afford everything whereas others can barely know where their next meal is coming from. During the communist rule in Russia the State Bank was nationalized. Subsequently all other banks were nationalized and fused with the State Bank. This meant that the state owned the bank and could control the spending of money in their country to some extent. During the 1940’s 3 economic crises occurred in Europe. The Soviet Union, however, stayed economically stable The way out of this endless cycle of rich getting richer and poor getting poorer is a communist economy, where the means of production are nationalized and classes are no more, because the state owned everything and everyone would only get enough money to spend on their needs and a few wants. This system allows people to value knowledge, family and work as they have very little money to buy material goods. Communism can’t be built in one country alone. Since Capitalism can’t be overthrown all over the world with one stroke. They’ll use their state machines, their armies and navies to maintain their property and their power, the workers too are organized into a state to crush and conquer the capitalist states. So there are 2 ways to rectify this. To completely stop using industry, which in this day and age is virtually impossible. The second way to do this is what communism dictates to completely destroy all businesses that aren’t willing to be run by the state. There will be no exploitation. There will be no classes. Each will receive according to what he puts in, and as the productivity of labor will greatly increase, each will receive according to his needs and will contribute according to his ability. Social Structure: In a Communist Society there are no classes. There is no verbal, emotional or physical abuse. Everyone has the same benefits, everyone pays the same taxes. In short everyone is equal, but no 2 individuals are alike so Communist countries like China and the Soviet Union have special schools where young children with specific talents are placed they barely see their arents as they are forced to become the best in their field. This is Cruel, but effective. During WWII The Soviet Union held the chess world title longer than any other country during the 20th century and had the best and most grandmasters. They did this to prove that their way of living produced finer and more intelligent people than any other country. The Soviet Union used chess as propaganda. Sports were also very i mportant to the USSR. Dominating the Americans in the Olympics was the ultimate way of them saying â€Å"we are the greatest†. At a young age children with talent for sports, music or academics would be taking away from their parents to study and train in that specific niche. Cruel but effective. Upon the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1925, Joseph Stalin outmaneuvered his opponent Leon Trotsky to take the reigns of the Soviet Union. Trotsky sought to continue Lenin’s efforts of aggressively establishing Communism throughout all the world, since communism was inherently stateless, and was not intended to exist withn just one country. Stalin, however, was more practical, learning from the resounding defeat of communism in other parts of Europe. He instead focused on strengthening the Soviet Union, under Communist ideals, while simply supporting communist revolutions whenever and wherever they arose. Stalin’s ideology proved more widely accepted, and became the modus operando of the Soviet Union from that point forward. This was not communism any more, but Stalinism. Religion The religion of communism is atheism. Now this may seem unfair for communism to force people to believe in something , but in a communist state they wouldn’t want people to be distracted from working for the good of the country. So with atheism people had more time to spend bettering their country’s economic status and producing an intelligent race. In this Day and age communist countries are few and far between, out of the 196 countries that exist there are only 5 communist countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam that is less than 3 percent of all countries But back in the day of communist uprising there were over 40 communist countries Bulgaria, Mongolia, USSR, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, East Germany, Poland, Angola , Benin, Dem Rep. f Congo , Ethiopia ,Somalia, Eritrea, Mozambique and of course Russia. Are just a few of the communist countries. Symbols The hammer and sickle These two tools are symbols of the industrial working class and the farmers; placing them together symbolizes the unity between industrial and agricultural workers. This emblem was created during the Russian Revoultion of 1917. The hammer and sickle were not the official symbol until 1922, before which the or iginal hammer and plough insignia was used by the Red Army and the Red Guard on uniforms, medals, caps, etc. The five-pointed red star is sometimes understood to represent the five fingers of the worker’s hand, as well as the five continents. A lesser known suggestion is that the five points on the star were intended to represent the five social groups that would lead to communism rising to become the dominant political structure in the world: the youth, the military, the industrial labourers, the agricultural workers or peasantry, and the intelligentsia. It was one of the emblems, symbols, and signals representing the Soviet Union under the rule of the Communist Party. In politics, a red flag has been associated with left-wing politics since the French Revolution. [1] Socialists adopted the symbol during the Revolutions of 1848 and it became a symbol of communism as a result of its use by the Paris Commune of 1871. The flags of several communist states, including China, Vietnam and the Soviet Union, are based on the original red flag. Leaders Lenin- 1st communist leader in the world Stalin -USSR Mao Zedong – China ( 1st communist leader) Kim il Sung – North Korea ( 1st Communist Leader) Ho chi minh – Vietnam Castro – Cuba (1st communist leader) Che Guevara- Latin America Gorbachev – Last USSR leader Benefits 1. people are equal, the advantage her no matter what type of education and financial stability you are on everyone is still equal which reduces crime and violence 2. everyone has employment. 3. The next advantage would be a steady and stable economy. 4. the greatest advantages in communism is that there is no competition. This is a great advantage because everyone is created equal, so each person can work equally as hard without stepping on one another’s back. 5. Communism abolishes class system, This results in an open society where there is no any kind of oppression. . Communism offers a platform on which all policies that affect the community are openly discussed and implemented fast 7. In communism all people hold land. All goods are shared equally. 8. There is no poverty in communism so everyone is equal. 9. In communism individuals are assigned work by the State and they are given a bit remuneration of their service normally in kind. 10. People get ration from Government department Disadvantages †¢The government decides on what the people can have, rather than what they want. †¢The government dictates what people must do (like your job) and controls freedom of movement. All businesses are owned and controlled by the government. †¢Everybody is working, and most have nothing. †¢It relies upon everyone in the system being selfless and not trying to get more than anyone else. †¢It is very difficult to get out of a communistic country. When we have reached Communism we will have done away with both the Social Order and Social Disorder and humanity will have reached a rational system of society where development of mankind will no longer be choked by social relations, where, therefore, society will be a free one and man emancipated. How to cite Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense, Essay examples Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense Free Essays Oral â€Å"From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs. † There is no greater economic system that can rival the Utopian nature of Communism, yet this statement sent shivers down the spine of the Capitalist World. The concept was flawless however the implementation resulted in one of one of the most infamous Political systems in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communism, in layman’s terms, is a revolutionary political system , aiming to create a classless, moneyless and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production. It also aimed to change the social and economic ideology of capitalism , which was thrived on the principle of the rich getting richer, the poor , poorer. To understand why Communism spread so rapidly we must learn about the origins of communism. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were the founding fathers of communism in 1848. Marx wrote a document called the Communist manifesto. In this document he outlined which areas would need to change. There were 3 main changes: political change, a economic change and social change. Unfortunately these are very difficult to change. Marx, however, found a way to accomplish this. A revolution. The Red Revolution!!! These were usually very bloody, as people would not easily part with their material wealth. Communism had to be implemented fully,people could not choose only one part of it. You are either in or killed. In the Russian Revolution alone 9 million people were killed. However, this must take place in order to overthrow the existing government. Marx emphasized the need for total destruction of the existing system in order for change to take place. The next part of their plan stated that a dictator must gain absolute control over the working class. During this phase, the new government has absolute control over the common citizen’s personal choices for example education, religion, employment and even marriage. Redistribution of wealth would take place in this period. The final phase has never been attained because it requires that all non-communists be eliminated in order for the Communist Party to achieve supreme equality. In a communist utopia, everyone would happily share wealth. The government would control all means of production so that the one-class system would remain constant, with no possibility of any citizens rising to the top. Marx also detailed the 10 essential principles of communism, namely: †¢Central banking system †¢Government controlled education †¢Government controlled labor †¢Government ownership of transportation and communication vehicles †¢Government ownership of agricultural means and factories †¢Total destruction of private property †¢Property rights confiscation †¢Heavy income tax on everyone †¢Destruction of rights of inheritance Regional Planning In the communist society that the manifesto described, the government has supreme authority as it controls all land and means of production. Because the government distributes land and property among the people, communism sets a standard of equality – both economically and socially — among its followers.  ­The system seems to work in theory, but Marx and Engels died before it was put into practice and did not see the fruit of their labour. Economy Capitalism, the current economic system in South Africa, is, according to communism, tremendously wasteful and destructive of men, goods, power, land. All useful goods are used until there is none left. But goods aren’t made for consumption, but for profit, and if a greater profit can be made, the destruction takes place. As capitalism developed, larger factories are built, thousands of laborers are used to make 1 product, yet it does not belong to them but to the owner of the Factory. The laborers are merely paid wages, which constantly grow less and less, as the price of the total product increases. So the gap between the worker and the owner increases and creates classes in which some can afford everything whereas others can barely know where their next meal is coming from. During the communist rule in Russia the State Bank was nationalized. Subsequently all other banks were nationalized and fused with the State Bank. This meant that the state owned the bank and could control the spending of money in their country to some extent. During the 1940’s 3 economic crises occurred in Europe. The Soviet Union, however, stayed economically stable The way out of this endless cycle of rich getting richer and poor getting poorer is a communist economy, where the means of production are nationalized and classes are no more, because the state owned everything and everyone would only get enough money to spend on their needs and a few wants. This system allows people to value knowledge, family and work as they have very little money to buy material goods. Communism can’t be built in one country alone. Since Capitalism can’t be overthrown all over the world with one stroke. They’ll use their state machines, their armies and navies to maintain their property and their power, the workers too are organized into a state to crush and conquer the capitalist states. So there are 2 ways to rectify this. To completely stop using industry, which in this day and age is virtually impossible. The second way to do this is what communism dictates to completely destroy all businesses that aren’t willing to be run by the state. There will be no exploitation. There will be no classes. Each will receive according to what he puts in, and as the productivity of labor will greatly increase, each will receive according to his needs and will contribute according to his ability. Social Structure: In a Communist Society there are no classes. There is no verbal, emotional or physical abuse. Everyone has the same benefits, everyone pays the same taxes. In short everyone is equal, but no 2 individuals are alike so Communist countries like China and the Soviet Union have special schools where young children with specific talents are placed they barely see their arents as they are forced to become the best in their field. This is Cruel, but effective. During WWII The Soviet Union held the chess world title longer than any other country during the 20th century and had the best and most grandmasters. They did this to prove that their way of living produced finer and more intelligent people than any other country. The Soviet Union used chess as propaganda. Sports were also very i mportant to the USSR. Dominating the Americans in the Olympics was the ultimate way of them saying â€Å"we are the greatest†. At a young age children with talent for sports, music or academics would be taking away from their parents to study and train in that specific niche. Cruel but effective. Upon the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1925, Joseph Stalin outmaneuvered his opponent Leon Trotsky to take the reigns of the Soviet Union. Trotsky sought to continue Lenin’s efforts of aggressively establishing Communism throughout all the world, since communism was inherently stateless, and was not intended to exist withn just one country. Stalin, however, was more practical, learning from the resounding defeat of communism in other parts of Europe. He instead focused on strengthening the Soviet Union, under Communist ideals, while simply supporting communist revolutions whenever and wherever they arose. Stalin’s ideology proved more widely accepted, and became the modus operando of the Soviet Union from that point forward. This was not communism any more, but Stalinism. Religion The religion of communism is atheism. Now this may seem unfair for communism to force people to believe in something , but in a communist state they wouldn’t want people to be distracted from working for the good of the country. So with atheism people had more time to spend bettering their country’s economic status and producing an intelligent race. In this Day and age communist countries are few and far between, out of the 196 countries that exist there are only 5 communist countries: China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam that is less than 3 percent of all countries But back in the day of communist uprising there were over 40 communist countries Bulgaria, Mongolia, USSR, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, East Germany, Poland, Angola , Benin, Dem Rep. f Congo , Ethiopia ,Somalia, Eritrea, Mozambique and of course Russia. Are just a few of the communist countries. Symbols The hammer and sickle These two tools are symbols of the industrial working class and the farmers; placing them together symbolizes the unity between industrial and agricultural workers. This emblem was created during the Russian Revoultion of 1917. The hammer and sickle were not the official symbol until 1922, before which the or iginal hammer and plough insignia was used by the Red Army and the Red Guard on uniforms, medals, caps, etc. The five-pointed red star is sometimes understood to represent the five fingers of the worker’s hand, as well as the five continents. A lesser known suggestion is that the five points on the star were intended to represent the five social groups that would lead to communism rising to become the dominant political structure in the world: the youth, the military, the industrial labourers, the agricultural workers or peasantry, and the intelligentsia. It was one of the emblems, symbols, and signals representing the Soviet Union under the rule of the Communist Party. In politics, a red flag has been associated with left-wing politics since the French Revolution. [1] Socialists adopted the symbol during the Revolutions of 1848 and it became a symbol of communism as a result of its use by the Paris Commune of 1871. The flags of several communist states, including China, Vietnam and the Soviet Union, are based on the original red flag. Leaders Lenin- 1st communist leader in the world Stalin -USSR Mao Zedong – China ( 1st communist leader) Kim il Sung – North Korea ( 1st Communist Leader) Ho chi minh – Vietnam Castro – Cuba (1st communist leader) Che Guevara- Latin America Gorbachev – Last USSR leader Benefits 1. people are equal, the advantage her no matter what type of education and financial stability you are on everyone is still equal which reduces crime and violence 2. everyone has employment. 3. The next advantage would be a steady and stable economy. 4. the greatest advantages in communism is that there is no competition. This is a great advantage because everyone is created equal, so each person can work equally as hard without stepping on one another’s back. 5. Communism abolishes class system, This results in an open society where there is no any kind of oppression. . Communism offers a platform on which all policies that affect the community are openly discussed and implemented fast 7. In communism all people hold land. All goods are shared equally. 8. There is no poverty in communism so everyone is equal. 9. In communism individuals are assigned work by the State and they are given a bit remuneration of their service normally in kind. 10. People get ration from Government department Disadvantages †¢The government decides on what the people can have, rather than what they want. †¢The government dictates what people must do (like your job) and controls freedom of movement. All businesses are owned and controlled by the government. †¢Everybody is working, and most have nothing. †¢It relies upon everyone in the system being selfless and not trying to get more than anyone else. †¢It is very difficult to get out of a communistic country. When we have reached Communism we will have done away with both the Social Order and Social Disorder and humanity will have reached a rational system of society where development of mankind will no longer be choked by social relations, where, therefore, society will be a free one and man emancipated. How to cite Conspiracy Theories Are Nonsense, Papers

Microeconomics Intermediate Microeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomics for Intermediate Microeconomics. Answer: 1. Due to the increase in price of rubber used to make tires, the cost of producing tires increases and hence the supply of tires falls. This leads to a shift in the supply curve upwards from S1 to S2. On the other hand decrease in the price of cars increases the demand for cars and in turn the demand for tires also increases since tires are a part of cars shifting the demand curve rightward from D1 to D2. We see that the quantity demanded remains the same after the adjustments but the price of the tires increases from P0 to P1. Fig 1 shows the movement of the equilibrium point from E0 to E1 with output remaining same and price increasing. Fig 1 2. In the short run the equilibrium price is where the market demand and supply intersect. In the short run as the price of pears increases the demand for apples increase shifting the demand curve as we see in Fig 2.1 from D1 to D2 increasing the equilibrium output and price to Q1 and P1. Fig 2.1 shows the movement of the equilibrium point E0 to E1 increasing quantity from Q0 to Q1 and the equilibrium price rises to P1 from the initial price P0. Fig 2.1 As prices rises, in long run in the perfectly competitive market the high price attracts new firms in the industry producing more and more apples thus increasing the overall supply of apples. This is demonstrated by the shift of the supply curve from S1 to S2 ,i.e., the supply curve shifts downward as seen in Fig 2.2. Due to shift in the supply curve, the equilibrium point that was previously attained due to demand shift now reaches E2 which is at the same level of E1. At E2 the quantity demanded increases to Q2 and as there occurs excess supply, the market price again falls to P0. At this point the firms who cannot cover costs at this price and quantity leave the market and the price may then gain rise with time. Fig 2.2 The short run equilibrium is at the quantity 500 where the real GDP demanded (500) is equal to the real GDP supplied (500). The equilibrium price is 95. The economy has a recessionary gap as the equilibrium real GDP is lower than the potential GDP. The full employment potential GDP is 600 trillion yen whereas the equilibrium GDP is 500, hence there is a recessionary gap of 100 trillion yen. The government can adopt expansionary fiscal policy by increasing expenditures or reducing tax rates to cover the recessionary gap. The economy is below full employment level and the potential GDP is exceeds the real GDP. The unemployment rates are shown to be rising and the government and consumer spending is seem to falling. These macroeconomic indicators show a decrease in economic activity implying that Italy in 2012 was at the recessionary phase of the business cycle. From the given graphs we see that consumer spending and government spending has been decreasing since 2012 along with the increase in unemployment indicating a decrease in aggregate demand. This is demonstrated by the shift in the AD curve downward from AD1 to AD2. The initial equilibrium GDP was at Y with the equilibrium point at A and price P0. As the aggregate demand curve shifts downward with the short run supply curve remaining the same as SRAS1, the price falls to P1 and we get the equilibrium at B with equilibrium output at Y1. This is the recessionary gap caused due to fall in demand that Italy suffered from in 2012 when the real GDP here indicated as Y1 is less than the potential GDP causing a recessionary gap. In the long run as firms and workers adjust to the fall in prices more than they had expected, the costs fall and the short run aggregate supply increases and this is demonstrated as the SRAS curve shifts downward from SRAS1 to SRAS2. As the supply increases, the equilibrium point moves back to the potential GDP at equilibrium point C with output at Y and price falling further to P2. Hence, in short run the aggregate demand falls causing recession whereas in the long run there occurs a decrease in the price level. Fig 2 From the given graphs we see that from 2012 to 2013 the government spending and consumer spending has been decreasing. We also see that this is accompanied with increase in unemployment. Hence, the due to the falling of the government and consumer spending as well as a greater number of individuals losing their jobs there is a fall in the aggregate demand. This causes the decrease in aggregate demand as shown by the shift in the AD curve leftwards in the AD, AS diagram Fig 2 in (a) from AD1 to AD2. The fall in aggregate demand decreases the price level to P1 as there occurs a recessionary gap when the real GDP is less than the potential GDP, i.e., Y1 is less than the potential level of GDP Y. Based on the above graphs the unemployment rate in January 2013 was 11.3 and on July 2013 was 12.1. The labor force participation rate in Jan 2013 was: = (Labor force/ Working age population) *100 =(20000000/40100000)*100=0.49*100= 0.5*100= 50% The labor force participation rate in July 2013 was: = (Labor force/ Working age population) *100 = (27,000,000/40,900,000)*100 = 66% The key macroeconomic indicators of Australia are as below: GDP growth rate: 0.6% Unemployment rate: 5.7% Inflation rate: 1.3% Interest rate: 1.75% Balance of trade: -2163 AUD Million Government debt to GDP: 33.8% The GDP Growth rate of the country is at 0.6% compared to the previous quarters 1.1% and as low as 0.3% before that indicating that the economy is most likely sitting in the contractionary phase of the business cycle. The inflation rate is at 1.3% which had been falling since July 2014 when it reached the highest point of 3%. Unemployment had been at the same level of 5.7% as the previous quarter though it had been decreasing over time with the labor force participation rate at 64% implying that there are fewer people looking for work hence with low unemployment it places the economy at a high point of the business cycle. Consumer spending has been increasing; government spending has been overall at the same level. Exports has increased more than imports but not significant enough for improvement in balance of trade although. The business confidence has also decreased. Though expansion in final consumption expenditure contributed to economic growth, but investments fell along with no significant improvement in net exports. Hence the economy is most likely at a contractionary phase with GDP growth rate falling; unemployment is low and inflation also low. References: Pindyck, R, Rubinfeld, D Mehta, P 2009, Microeconomics, Pearson, South Asia Varian, H 2010, Intermediate microeconomics, Affiliated East-West Press, New Delhi Samuelson, P Nordhaus, W 2010, Economics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi Mankiw, G 2007, Economics: principles and applications, Cengage Learning, New Delhi Sen, A 2007, Microeconomics, Oxford, New Delhi Lipsey, R Chrystal, A 2011, Economics, Oxford, New Delhi Sowell, T 2010, Basic economics, Basic books, USA Hall, R Lieberman, M 2010, Economics: Principles and applications, Cengage learning, USA Sikdar,S 2006, Principles of Macroeconomics,New Delhi, Oxford. Mankiw, G 2003, Macroeconomics, USA, Worth Publishers.